Description
Poster session 2, Tuesday 15:40-17:20
In a modern ion implanter, plasma flood gun (PFG) is used to neutralize wafer charge during doping process, preventing the breakdown of floating wafers caused by the space charge accumulation. Surface wave plasma (SWP) source that has a simple structure and no hot filament requirement, which can avoid metal pollution, is a potential competitive prospect as a PFG for ion implanter. At Peking...
The capability to directly study neutron capture reactions on radionuclides with half-lives on the order of minutes would allow key cross section measurements in nuclear astrophysics and energy applications. However, such experiments with stationary targets are currently impossible because of signal detection and target sample fielding issues. To overcome these challenges, a neutron target...
A laser ion source employing a cryogenically solidified gas target has been developed and demonstrated to supply highly charged carbon ions for a long period of time without being limited by the lifetime of the laser target. This new laser ion source is expected to be applied to the next-generation heavy ion cancer treatment accelerator based on inductive synchrotron technology. A solid carbon...
The negative ion sources currently used for Fusion applications produce tens of Amperes of Hydrogen or Deuterium ion current from a low-temperature (few eV) plasma. Being the negative ion current typically limited below 200 - 300 A/m2 at the extraction apertures, these sources can be quite large and their input power ranges from some tens to hundreds of kW. Two source types are currently used:...
Ion sources that use low-temperature plasma (LTP) discharges are used in a variety of applications, including ion implantation, mass spectrometry, and plasma processing. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using particle-in-cell (PIC) modeling to improve the performance and optimization of LTP-based ion sources. PIC modeling is a powerful tool for simulating the dynamics of...
Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) are widely used to produce highly charged high intensity ion beams for research, medical and industrial applications.
ECRIS performances, namely the charge state distribution and beam intensity, depend critically on the electron energy distribution function. Further improvements of ECRIS performances require a deeper and deeper understanding...
The neutral beam injector for heating & current drive (HNB) for ITER requires the deuterium negative ion beam (D-) with 1 MeV, 40 A (200 A/m2) for 3600 s and hydrogen negative ion beam (H-) with 870 keV, 46 A (230 A/m2) for 1000 s. The required beam divergence angle is less than 7 mrad. Ensuring this beam divergence angle is essential to suppress...
Avalanche Energy is developing deuterium ion beams for the Orbitron fusion concept. For these and similar projects, modification of off-the-shelf high current ion sources enables affordable and rapidly accessible alternatives to custom-built systems. We have successfully operated the Veeco Mark 1 broad beam source on deuterium to create multi-keV energy ions. By applying custom optics and...
A cesium-free negative hydrogen/deuterium ion source system using two pulsed plasma sources has recently developed at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. The system operates with two alternate pulsing sequences related to the respective plasma sources, thereby switching the plasmas in the after-glow state in an alternating manner. As a result, the ion source system can offer a continuous...
Applying a solenoidal magnetic field to a laser produced plasma is a method to increase the ion beam current supplied from a laser ion source. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ion charge state dependence of the beam current increase in the laser ion source by applying a solenoidal magnetic field. The plasma generated by a Nd:YAG laser was injected into a magnetic field generated...
We discuss the development of novel lanthanide beams at TRIUMF’s Off-Line Ion Sources (OLIS) Facility, focusing here on $^{140}$Ce$^{+n}$ for astrophysical research and molecule formation studies between halogens and lanthanides for electron dipole moment measurements. Cerium is the first lanthanide beam created at the OLIS facility by dual frequency electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) using a...
Neutral beam system for heating & current drive (HNB) of ITER requires high power beams of 0.87 MeV and 46 A (230 Am-2) hydrogen negative ion (H-) for 1000 s, and of 1 MeV and 40 A (200 Am-2) deuterium negative ion (D-) for 3600 s. The H- ion beam demonstration toward 0.87 MeV and 230 A/m2 for 300 s, where the beam duration exceeds 50 s required in the initial HNB operation, is under progress...
Laser ablation source (LAS) is an adaptable and efficient ion production technique for mass spectrometry, allowing for flexible analysis of various sample types. By depositing laser energy into the target, atoms or molecules in the sample are ionized. The development of a LAS for supplying stable isotopes to TRIUMF's TITAN platform enables novel studies, such as isotope abundance measurement...
The ion source and injection system beamline is used to transport the $300\,$keV $\rm{H}^-$ beam from the ion source to the injection point of the $500\,$MeV cyclotron at TRIUMF. A new ion beam transport system has been designed to transport a highly intense and bright beam extracted from the $\rm{H}^-$ ion source. This new system will be installed at the new injection terminal for TRIUMF's...
We have been conducting the test of a new home-made internal antenna for the J-PARC RF-driven cesiated H$^-$ ion source. After the development of the first J-PARC-made antenna, the composition of the porcelain enamel coating of the antenna was changed to reduce possible outgassing of the impurities from the previous antenna coating. During the test of high-density plasma production by the new...
Abstract:
IRISC (Internal Radiofrequency Ion Source for Cyclotrons) is an innovative design of an internal ion source, primarily for producing H- ions, in which radiofrequency (RF) power is supplied to its electrodes for achieving electron emission. Theoretical work shows that both lower electrode sputtering and higher ion production efficiency may be achieved as compared to its standard...
The Nishina Center for Accelerator Science uses a pepperpot emittance monitor to measure the emittance of low-energy beams from ion sources. PPEM does not require moving slits, etc. Therefore, four-dimensional information of (x,x',y,y') can be measured in a short time. On the other hand, it is difficult to identify the origin of the spot. We are therefore attempting to identify the origin of...
The Rare Isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments (RAON) was constructed to produce more exotic rare isotopes (RI) by combining the ISOL and IF methods. In the ISOL facility, RIs are generated in the Target/Ion Source (TIS) module with the proton beam and extracted to the ISOL beamline. The properties of the RI ion beam transported through the ISOL beamline should be matched to the...
We have been studying efficient production of multicharged ions in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS). The gas mixing method, in which low Z gas is mixed into produced plasma, is known as a relatively simple method for highly efficient production of multicharged ions. In addition, it is expected that heating low Z ions selectively by ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) will further...
Negative-ion density measurement in negative-ion sources is still in demand for improving the design and efficiency of the sources [1,2].
A new analysis method called the 'electron reduction Langmuir probe model' is developed for an area that cannot use a laser-related measurement [3], such as inside the extraction hole.
A validity check of the new analysis is performed in hydrogen and...
The FEBIAD ion source is routinely used to produce radioactive ions of halogens, molecules, and noble gases in several ISOL facilities worldwide. At TRIUMF, an extensive numerical and experimental campaign has been performed to fundamentally understand the source while improving its reliability and overall performance. Particularly, the cathode temperature has been studied by pyrometric...
The two-close frequency heating (TCFH) is a new implementation of the well-known two frequency heating. In TCFH, the two frequencies differ less than 200-300 MHz each other in order to establish two contiguous ECR resonance zones. TCFH has been proved to be a powerful technique to suppress plasma instabilities in Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS), as well as to improve their...
The formation of self-focused ion beam with a small diameter is proposed. The device for the formation of self-focused ion beam consists of a hollow anode and enveloped anode, separated from the anode by an insulator, gas delivery system. A discharge is supported by the voltage applied between the cathode and anode. The ion beam is self-focused by the spherical emission surface of emitting...
At TAE Technologies, a next-generation Field-Reversed Configuration (FRC), known as Copernicus, is being built. The current device, C-2W, has achieved steady-state beam-driven FRCs up to 30 ms using four 15 kV and four 40 kV NBIs(neutral beam injector)[1]. In order to increase FRC performance in the next generation device, both beam energy and beam power will be increased beyond these...
We have been experimentally measuring the charge state distribution of the multiply-charged ion current generated and extracted from an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source (ECRIS), and plasma parameters such as electron density, electron temperature, and space potential of the plasma in the ECRIS, and then investigating the correspondence between them. According to the accessibility...
Due to the demand for intense high-charged stable ion beams for medical and nuclear physics a traveling-wave-tube (TWT) based RF generator has been installed and commissioned at the Advanced Electron Cyclotron Resonance Upgrade (AECR-U) ion source at the UMCG-PARTREC facility. The generator comprises 2 x 750W in-phase combining TWT RF generators with an output frequency range of 12.75-14.5...
Avalanche Energy is developing deuterium ion beams for the Orbitron fusion concept. To deliver a maximized, focused beam to the reactor, some of our experiment configurations utilize a Veeco Mark 1 broad beam ion source. To focus this beam into a small aperture, carefully designed optics are vital, the design of which is a nontrivial process.
The performance of the beam optics is a function...
In this study, plasma parameters and instability were measured using a single Langmuir probe in a hot cathode Penning ion gauge ion source. Experiments were performed with argon gas at an operating pressure of 1 mTorr. We observed an increase in electron temperature corresponding to an increase in discharge current. At the same time, we noted an increase in plasma instability with increasing...
Most of the currently operating Negative ion Neutral Beam Injectors (N-NBIs) exploit filament-powered sources for the generation of beam ions. Being widely used in fusion experiments, the arc technology has been thoroughly investigated and optimized over the years, allowing to achieve excellent performances in terms of extracted beam optics.
The source geometry, the magnetic field topology...
We describe the development of novel $^{31}$P$^{+n}$ and $^{133}$Cs$^{+n}$ beams for fundamental nuclear astrophysics research at TRIUMF’s ISAC (Isotope Separator and ACcelerator) complex. Both beams were individually created for different experiments, and for the first time at TRIUMF’s Off-Line Ion Sources (OLIS) facility by dual-frequency electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) using a...
The ISAC-FEBIAD ion source is an electron impact ion source typically used to ionize radioactive molecules or isotopes of elements with ionization potentials higher than 10 eV. The source key tuning parameters are the anode voltage that defines the electron energy, and the magnetic field that controls the electron density inside the anode volume. Both values are only varied in a small and...
Metals can be injected into electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS) via many techniques, among which resistive ovens are used to vaporise neutral metals, later captured by the energetic plasma environment that will stepwise ionise them, hence giving multiply charged ion beams for accelerators. Recently, PANDORA, a novel ECR plasma trap, has been conceived to perform interdisciplinary...
MedAustron is a synchrotron based ion beam therapy centre located in Lower Austria. Proton and carbon ion energies in the three treatment rooms range from 62-252 MeV and 120-400 MeV/u, respectively. A fourth non-clinical research room is used to commission helium ion beams, among other research activities.
The injector features three identical electron cyclotron resonance ion sources from...
We present the status of the ion source and low energy beam transport prototyping activities for a single-ended heavy ion time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis (ToF-ERDA) equipment for depth profiling of light elements. The environmentally friendly concept is based on a permanent magnet ECR ion source and dipole magnet on a 500 kV platform without SF$_6$ insulation, producing high...
Negative helium ions are typically created from positive helium ions which undergo double charge exchange with a neutral, atomic vapour, in a metallic vapour charge exchange apparatus. For high production rates of He⁻ (1 to 5%) alkali metals are used as the charge exchange material. However, alkali vapours are deleterious in vacuum systems, particularly ones with nearby electrodes for beam...
Production of intense highly charged uranium (U) ion beam is strongly demanded to produce intense radioactive isotope (RI) beam at several accelerator facilities, because of its high efficiency of RI production with the in-flight fission of U ion. At RIKEN, intense highly charged U ion beam from ion source has been required for this purpose. To meet the requirement, in the beginning, we used...
The SPIRAL1 facility provides post-accelerated radioactive ion beams (RIBs) since 2001. Initially limited to isotopes of gaseous elements, SPIRAL1 has been upgraded over the last decade to produce radioactive ions of condensable elements. It does so by using both a hot 1+ ion source and an ECR Charge Breeder where the latter is used to increase the ion charge state for post-acceleration. The...
At GSI the CAPRICE ECRIS is in operation to deliver high-charge state ion beams from gaseous and metallic elements to the accelerator facility. In order to fulfill the demand for higher intensity and stability of high-charge state ions, a test campaign has been carried out at the ECR test bench. The objective of the measurements was the enhancement of ion source performance in terms of...
The current status of the TRIUMF resonant ionization laser ion source (T RILIS) is that isotopes from 42 different elements have been delivered successfully and are part of the RILIS portfolio with ionization schemes for another 7 elements ready to be deployed on-line. As such the resonant ionization laser ion source is an indispensable ion source at TRIUMF’s isotope separator and accelerator...
The ECR2 and ECR3 ion sources at the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) operate with two microwave frequencies, improving their performance over single frequency operation. A typical method for transmitting both microwave frequencies is by having two separate frequency generators with their own corresponding amplifiers. These amplifiers transmit their microwaves into the ion...
The Laser Ion Source (LIS) can generate ion beams of various elements, including metals with high melting points. Since rapid beam switching is possible by loading multiple solid targets, we are developing LIS with the goal of mounting it in the 400 kV ion implanter, which requires a wide variety of ion species.
LIS can generate a high current ion beam by increasing laser energy. Also, by...
CARIBU (Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade) is a source of neutron-rich fission fragments from a plating of 252Cf. Operating for over a decade, CARIBU has provided unique beams for stopped and reaccelerated experiments. Unfortunately, consistently generating a thin plating of Cf has proved very difficult. To eliminate this risk and increase the overall intensity of n-rich ions, ATLAS...
The beamline of Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) system at RAON was constructed. The produced ions from the Target Ion Source (TIS) are cooled and bunched using the Radio Frequency Quadrupole Cooler Buncher (RFQ CB) to improve the charge breeding efficiency of the Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) charge breeder and the performance of the Multiple-Reflection Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer...
The Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) at Argonne National Laboratory typically operates 24 /7 with weekly ion beam changes and an annual 1 month maintenance period. Due to recent installations and upgrades at ATLAS, user demands for new beams and higher intensities have expanded an already diverse operational envelope of both electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS), ECR2...
TAE Technologies pursues an alternative approach to magnetically confined fusion with the advanced, beam-driven field-reversed configuration (FRC) [1]. Heating, current drive, and partial fueling from neutral beam injection are essential to sustainment of the FRC plasma [2]. The next generation device, Copernicus, aims to achieve the D-T reactor relevant plasma performance with a hydrogen...
A solenoid magnetic field along the expanding laser-produced plasma is an essential technique of a laser ablation ion source, which can increase ion beam current at beam extraction by a factor of 2. Solenoid field is also practically important for beam operation to control beam current without changing the condition of laser ablation. However, the motion of laser-produced plasma influenced by...
Since 1995, the Laboratory for Accelerator Studies and Development at CEA Saclay specializes in producing ECR intense light Ion Sources, for high intensity proton or deuteron. The initial source SILHI designed for IPHI accelerator was the root of the sources provided to laboratories around the world, such as IFMIF, FAIR or SPIRAL2. In parallel, the Ion Source team started a new R&D program on...
A room-temperature electron beam ion source/trap has been designed and constructed at the National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST). Its peak magnetic field of 0.67 T is generated in an extremely compact architecture by embedding strong rare-earth (NdFeB) magnets within the drift tubes, which are partly constructed of electrical iron. Six ports in the midplane are available to...
TRIUMF’s 500 MeV cyclotron has been powered by an arc discharge H− ion source developed in-house 30 years ago. Since then, new additions to TRIUMF, like ISAC, have required increasing amounts of beam current from the cyclotron. The ARIEL facility will also require an additional 100 μA, in addition to the existing 300 μA required by the current beam lines. To meet the growing intensity demands...
